Surveys of wild animals killed by passing traffic (roadkill) have produced strong data and several recommendations. This is as a result of recent investigations into the issue of roadkill in the Pilanesberg National Park.
The surveys, conducted by the EWT between 21 October and 23 November 2014, consisted of on-site investigation of roadkill, as well as questionnaires completed by 302 visitors to the park. Of the 120 roadkill observed by the roadkill research team, 62 were amphibians, 27 were reptiles, 20 were birds, ten were mammals and one was not identifiable.
Vehicle numbers were monitored through the use of traffic counting devices. However, the roadkill research team soon discovered that elephants had taken a liking to the devices and damaged them. Drawing on previous research which has shown that elephants dislike the smell of chilli pepper, the team then applied a daily coating of chilli pepper and oil onto the counters. The traffic counting devices were then protected from further damage.
One of the most interesting aspects of the project was the role of speed in contributing to roadkill. “More than 95% of respondents to the questionnaire survey believe that speed is the sole cause of roadkill. Our aim was to investigate this opinion in more detail,” said the EWT’s Wildlife and Roads Project Executant, Wendy Collinson.
Compliance with park speed limits was found to be reasonably high, with 72% of the 6,981 vehicles monitored driving at, or below, the speed limits. “We postulated that roadkill was likely to occur because drivers were either unaware of their surroundings or travelling too fast to be able to avoid collisions. To investigate these factors we monitored a sample of 201 vehicles and nearly 70% of the drivers were observed to not be looking at the road, but rather scanning the bush for wildlife”, said Collinson. “This suggests that many of the roadkill in national parks happen because of the expectation that animals are to be found in the habitat alongside the road, rather than on the road itself”, she added.
The same
sample of vehicles was used to investigate the role of speed in determining rates of roadkill. The research team placed three fake animals on the road, and recorded how many times each roadkill was hit (for a total possible hit count of 603 roadkill). We also recorded how fast each vehicle was driving, assigning them to one of three speed categories, namely 40 km/h. We found no significant difference between hit rates of drivers in each of the speed categories, with approximately 50% of drivers hitting the fake roadkill across the board.
“From our survey, it seems that observation levels of the driver, rather than the speed of the vehicle, is the key factor in the number of roadkill incidents,” Collinson commented. “One of our recommendations from the latest roadkill survey is that a driver awareness campaign be launched in parks to make drivers more aware of animals on the roads themselves,” Collinson commented. Collinson also said she was concerned about the low awareness levels of roadkill among park visitors. “Of the 284 respondents who had visited a park previously, only 2.8% had noticed roadkill, with 6.3% noticing a roadkill on their current visit,” she explained.
Steven Dell, Pilanesberg National Park’s Field Ecologist remarked, “despite the use of road signs both at the park gates and within the park, as well as efforts to raise public awareness of roadkill, roadkill still occurs.
This project was extremely beneficial to the park as it has assisted in identifying the cause of roadkill and will enable us to focus our future public awareness efforts.”
Bridgestone PR Manager, Desirée van Niekerk, said the results of the latest roadkill survey had proved as fascinating as ever. “Bridgestone has been involved with the roadkill project for three years now, and we applaud Wendy and her team’s contribution to both road safety and wildlife protection,” she said.
“We hope these latest findings will soon be used to improve the quality of the experience of park visitors and safeguard the animals in these protected areas,” she concluded.
The next stage of the project will shortly commence in Addo Elephant National Park through a joint collaboration between the EWT and Rhodes University.
The EWT’s Wildlife and Roads Project in Pilanesberg was supported by Bridgestone SA, Arrow Bulk Logistics, Pilanesberg National Park, Copenhagen Zoo, Mikros Traffic Monitoring and Africa: Live.
For further information please contact Wendy Collinson on [email protected]